It has been believed for many years that the environment is often the main affecter for continuity in personality, however, the authors are not able to find supporting evidence of such. Existence in the ability for change in personality to occur, no matter how minuet in size, creates an entirely new definition for consistency and change within the personality, marking a new chapter in future research. Thirdly, Caspi and Roberts address the question concerning the factors that moderate continuity and change. Research on this topic has been covered in great detail as many factors were placed into consideration such as age, the effects of time, biosocial transitions, and historical context.  Genetics seem to play a slight factor during adulthood in the consistency of personality while person-environment transactions deliver elusive ways in how personality continuity is achieved. Recent research provides a new light and perhaps the most powerful affecter on personality continuity – the unconscious. Finally, mechanisms that promote change in personality are discussed. Snoopy stay at home No simple answer is provided as change cannot occur from any one thing. Change is usually achieved from a multitude of different affecters. Researchers state that no new environment will fit an individual’s life perfectly, yet it is the imperfections that allow these individuals to be exposed to such variety of change.

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Many factors play a role in the development of personality, as well as maintaining continuity or creating change. It has been proven that personality becomes more consistent with age as individuals learn to adapt to environments in order to maintain consistency. Caspi and Roberts summarize the topic perfectly, stating “the forces of consistency outweigh the forces of change, with time and experience the battle between change and consistency is won out by the forces of continuity”. This article talks about the fact that sleeping too much can be just as bad as not sleeping enough. It talks about how getting the right amount of sleep is important to maintaining a healthy lifestyle and how much sleep a person should get at night. Contrary to what many might believe, time is negatively related to continuity while age is positively related. It is through transitions that individuals are able to open themselves to new experiences, and perhaps change some personality traits. Next Caspi and Roberts sought to determine the question of how continuity was achieved. Focusing on three main mechanisms that affect continuity, discussion about the environment, genetics, and person-environment transactions were addressed. 

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The amount of sleep a person should get at night depends on their age, health, and lifestyle. However, sometimes age, health, and lifestyle don’t matter. The article says people who are sick, have had surgery, or have traveled across several time zones will need more sleep. But just because you can sleep 12 hours doesn’t mean you should. Sleeping too much can result in what the article calls “sleep drunkenness” and if it happens a lot, you should consult a doctor. But oversleeping occasionally is okay. Then the article talks about hypersomnia which is prolonged daytime sleepiness or nighttime sleep and can be caused by a lot of different things including nervous system problems, drug or alcohol abuse, or medications. Oversleeping has been linked to several diseases and health issues, too. The article ends with the suggestion to get a healthy amount of sleep by making sure to go to bed at a decent time and to set an alarm.

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